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:''A ''newsboy'' may also be a paperboy (newspaper delivery) carrier.'' A newspaper hawker, newsboy, newsie is a street vendor of newspapers without a fixed newsstand. ==History== Benjamin Franklin is sometimes called the "first American newsboy", as he helped deliver his brother's ''New England Courant'' in 1721. But the real beginning of the trade of newsboy comes in 1833, when the ''New York Sun'' started hiring vendors in New York City in 1833. At the time, newspapers were generally either picked up at the newspaper's office, sent by mail, or delivered by printers' apprentices or other employees.〔 The ''Sun'', by contrast, was not sold in stores or by subscription.〔Burgan, p. 4〕 Its publisher, Benjamin Day, recruited unemployed people using help-wanted notices to vend his newspaper. Instead of the adults he expected, his ad drew children: the first was the 10-year-old Irish immigrant Bernard Flaherty, who turned out to be a talented hawker—later a stage comedian—who would cry out the day's most sensational headlines: "Double Distilled Villainy"; "Cursed Effects of Drunkenness!"; "Awful Occurrence!"; "Infamous Affair!".〔Matthew Goodman, ''The Sun and the Moon: The Remarkable True Account of Hoaxers, Showmen, Dueling Journalists, and Lunar Man-Bats in Nineteenth-Century New York'', 2010, ISBN 0786726962 (p. 31 )〕 These newsboys could either hawk to passersby on the street or establish subscription routes; many did both.〔Priscilla Ferguson Clement, Jacqueline S. Reiner, eds., ''Boyhood in America: An Encyclopedia'', 2001, ISBN 1-57607-540-0, ''s.v.'' 'Newsboys', (p. 471 )〕 Newspaper boys, also called 'newsboys' or 'newsies', were the main distributors of newspapers to the general public from the mid-19th to the early 20th century in the United States. They were not employees of the newspapers but rather purchased the papers from the publishers and sold them as independent agents. Not allowed to return unsold papers, the newsboys typically earned around 30 cents a day and often worked until very late at night.〔(nd) (Child labor in America 1908-1912: Photographs of Lewis W. Hine ). Retrieved 17 June 2007. - ''See "Newsies".''〕 Cries of "Extra, extra!" were often heard into the morning hours as newsboys attempted to hawk every last paper.〔Nasau, D. (1999) p. 9.〕 Newsboys were not often well received. In 1875 a popular writer of the period wrote, "There are 10,000 children living on the streets of New York....The newsboys constitute an important division of this army of homeless children. You see them everywhere.... They rend the air and deafen you with their shrill cries. They surround you on the sidewalk and almost force you to buy their papers. They are ragged and dirty. Some have no coats, no shoes, and no hat." However, the common ill-treatment of the newsboys was not a major concern of society.〔(nd) (Newsies ). Digital History. Retrieved 10 February 2014.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Newspaper hawker」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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